Thermal and site requirements of beans?
Beans belong to vegetables with high thermal and site requirements. The plant prefers sunny locations, sheltered from gusts of wind. Sprouts emerge at temperatures above 11 degrees Celsius. If the temperature drops to 0 degrees Celsius, the plant will perish. Unfortunately, this can happen when sowing before May 15, when there is a risk of frost. Sowing beans with dry seeds is best done at temperatures above 18 degrees Celsius, while asparagus varieties require temperatures of at least 16 degrees Celsius. During rainy and cold weather, beans are prone to disease, which can result in plant wilting. Conversely, during periods of high temperature and drought, plants lose flowers and pods.
What are the water and soil requirements of beans?
Beans have moderate water requirements. The highest demand for water occurs during flowering and pod formation. They thrive best in fertile, humus-rich, moderately moist, and well-drained soils. The soil should be slightly acidic, with a pH of around 5.5. Soils that are too poor should be enriched with organic matter (e.g., compost) or humus, which improves soil quality and properties.
What are the nutritional requirements of beans?
Beans have low nutritional requirements. This is mainly due to the fact that their taproot system reaches depths of up to 100-110 cm, while in the topsoil, it is highly branched. Additionally, in symbiosis with beans, Rhizobium phaseoli bacteria live, forming nodules on the roots. These bacteria bind atmospheric nitrogen, which is also utilized by plants. Therefore, mineral fertilization is recommended in case of symptoms of nutrient deficiencies. Valuable macro- and microelements are provided by granulated fertilizer for vegetables. Soils that are too poor should be enriched with organic matter (e.g., compost) or granulated manure before starting cultivation.